What types of common vehicle brake discs can be divided into?

The brake disc, also called the brake disc, is a friction couple on the disc brake, and the vehicle rotates with the wheel when it travels. When the vehicle is braking, the caliper grips the brake disc and fricts the brake, which plays the role of slowing down or stopping the vehicle.

A qualified brake disc, in addition to the required strength and stiffness, but also have the highest possible and stable coefficient of friction, as well as appropriate wear resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation and heat capacity. Today, DAROtrailer axle will briefly review the classification of those common vehicle brake discs.

First, brake disc design structure classification

1. Solid plate

Solid plate is the most common one, but also the most used in the original factory, its structure is relatively simple, and the production cost is relatively low.

The advantages are relatively stable, strong and durable, and can be replaced regularly in use, and the maintenance cost is much lower; The disadvantages are small friction coefficient, poor high temperature resistance, low safety coefficient under high-speed braking or continuous braking, and relatively high fuel consumption.

In general, solid brake disc is mostly installed on trailer axle or front wheel of mini car with light load.

2. Ventilation tray

Ventilation disk can also be called hollow disk, its interior is hollow, cold air can pass through the middle to cool, longitudinal can see the ventilation hole, the internal structure is intertwined, previously is generally through the design, later with the progress of vehicle technology, gradually changed to bend and pillar channel, used to improve the heat dissipation function.

The ventilation disc can be regarded as an advanced version of the solid disc, which can prevent the brake disc from overheating and reduce thermal attenuation to a certain extent, and the braking effect is better. At the same time, because the ventilation disc has removed part of the disc, the weight has been reduced to a certain extent, and the inertia during rotation can be reduced. However, the structure is more complex, and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are higher than those of solid disks.

Ventilation discs are the most common on the market and are suitable for both the front and rear wheels of the vehicle.

3. Punch tray

Punching disc is to punch holes on the surface of the ventilation disc, the purpose is to obtain a stronger heat dissipation effect, generally used for high-performance sports coupe, can improve the thermal decline performance, in addition, due to the existence of holes, to a certain extent can improve the braking effect. From the appearance point of view, the perforated disc is also relatively cool, deep appearance association owners like.

However, with the continuous upgrading of brake disc materials, some people believe that it is no longer necessary to punch holes from the brake disc: after the disc is punched, the strength of the brake disc will decrease, and the strength of one more hole will be weaker; The design of the hole needs to consider the balance of the brake disc, if the distribution is not uniform, there is a certain influence on the main shaft of the moving vehicle; Due to the existence of holes, the friction area of the disk surface is reduced, and the friction force will be lost to some extent. After drilling, the heat conduction area of the brake disc surface is also reduced, which offsets the heat dissipation effect of the vent to a certain extent. In addition, the holes around the use of a period of time due to the role of stress prone to appear fine marks or cracks. Therefore, these people recommend that those who like fast cars or off the track owners had better not use the punch plate.

4. Scribing disk

The function of the scribing disc is to dissipate the powder generated by the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc as soon as possible through the scribing groove, so as to avoid the dust on the brake disc to produce rolling friction affecting the braking effect, so as to enhance the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc and maintain a good braking effect.

Second, the performance of heat attenuation and water attenuation is also good, heat dissipation is relatively fast, more suitable for vehicles that often run mountain roads, of course, the manufacturing cost is also high, and the matching brake pads should also choose high specifications.

The same as the punched disc, the scribing disc for the brake disc material and production process requirements are relatively high, the need for comprehensive consideration of design, in addition to the scribing disc to obtain higher friction at the same time, to a certain extent, also means that the degree of wear of the friction plate correspondingly increased.

5. Punch the scribing plate

Also known as the "high-speed disc" or "modification disc", it is generally fitted to high-performance vehicles such as racing cars, sports cars or sports vehicles. Although it appears to be a combination of a punching disc and a scribing disc, the drilling holes on this type of brake disc may not be fully drilled through, providing heat dissipation performance while maintaining the structure of the brake disc.

Its advantage is that it can meet a variety of road conditions, with strong thermal attenuation, water attenuation performance, good heat dissipation; The disadvantage is that the wear of the friction plate is larger, the material and processing requirements of the brake disc are relatively high, if you do not have the corresponding technology or no professional guidance, it is best not to DIY yourself, otherwise the brake disc is broken, the consequences are unimaginable.

6. Wave plate

In contrast, this kind of brake disc is relatively rare, and ordinary circular brake disc is different, the wave disc uses a wave-type circular design, the biggest advantage is more lightweight and better heat dissipation performance, of course, more important is the visual design effect, generally used in high-end models.

Second, brake disc material classification

1, cast iron brake disc

Under normal circumstances, the more common brake disc material is gray cast iron 250, referred to as HT250, which is equivalent to the United States G3000 standard.

To say the advantages of cast iron brake disc, the most obvious is the low cost, high strength, basically every steel factory has the ability to produce cast iron brake disc, this material is more durable, with a high melting point, friction generated heat will not make it easy to soften; The disadvantage is that it is easy to oxidize and rust, and the thermal decay resistance is slightly poor at high temperature braking.

At present, more than 90% of the vehicles on the market use cast iron brake discs.

2, ceramic brake disc

The ceramics mentioned here are not the ordinary ones that are usually seen, but carbon fiber ceramics, composite ceramics synthesized by carbon fiber and silicon carbide at a high temperature of 1700℃.

This carbon fiber ceramic brake disc has efficient and stable thermal attenuation performance, which is many times higher than the ordinary brake disc, but the weight is less than 1/2 of the ordinary cast iron disc. The disc produces maximum braking force immediately during the initial braking phase, and is faster, shorter and more durable than conventional braking systems.

Carbon fiber ceramic brake disc is currently a relatively top material, due to the particularity of manufacturing process and materials, the price is also relatively expensive, so it is more used in high-end sports cars, ordinary vehicles are difficult to get a wide range of promotion.

At present, some manufacturers on the market will also be cast iron and carbon fiber ceramic two materials integrated, launched a surface through carbon fiber treatment of cast iron brake disc, a combination of the advantages of cast iron and ceramic materials, the price is also between the two.