How many kinds of common electric tractor?

In recent years, the country's attention to environmental protection has been increasing, and the new energy of vehicles has gradually become a trend, especially in the field of passenger cars, almost all major brands have launched new energy models. With the rising international fuel prices, many commercial vehicles have also begun to enter the field of new energy. As a result, electric trucks have entered people's attention.

As an electric truck, trailer axle refers to the models that use electric drive instead of fuel drive.

After replacing the electric drive, the operating cost of the vehicle has decreased, especially under the premise of the current high fuel price, the economic benefits are more obvious; In terms of emissions, vehicles can basically achieve zero emissions because of the replacement of fuel drive; In addition, the electric drive also has the advantages of low noise, convenient shift, and reduced vibration, which can improve the driving environment and protect the goods to a certain extent.

Compared with fuel vehicles, electric trucks also have an advantage, that is, vehicle data is easier to collect and upload, which can further improve technical services, optimize the energy supply in the transportation field, and realize the application of unmanned technology in closed scenarios such as mines and ports.

Electric trucks can be subdivided into pure electric trucks and hybrid trucks.

First, pure electric truck

Pure electric trucks refer to trucks that are driven entirely by electricity. According to the way of charging, it can be divided into charging type and changing type.

The charging type requires the vehicle to load the power battery with the vehicle and rely on the external charging pile for charging;

The replacement mode is the vehicle electric separation mode, and the battery is replaced by an external replacement station.

Although in theory, electric trucks seem to have incomparable advantages of fuel vehicles, in fact, the penetration rate of pure electric trucks is not high, the main reasons are as follows:

1. The vehicle is heavy.

Trailer is different from passenger cars, the main role is transportation, the endurance requirements are relatively high, so the electric truck needs to load more batteries. Taking an electrically driven 6X4 tractor as an example, its battery weight can reach about 3t, which leads to electric trucks generally heavier than the same type of fuel vehicles.

2, slow charging speed, low charging efficiency.

Charging speed for electric trucks has long been an industry problem. Generally speaking, an electric truck uses a slow charge method, which takes about a few hours to full; If the fast charge method is used, it will take at least nearly an hour to be full, and there will be some damage to the battery, which is slower than the efficiency of going to the gas station.

3, charging is not convenient.

As we all know, at present, even new energy passenger car charging in many cities is not particularly convenient, especially on the highway, there are almost no charging piles, not to mention new energy commercial vehicles, which to a large extent led to transport owners are not willing to buy electric trucks, especially medium and long-distance owners.

4. Limited battery life.

Although in order to extend the endurance of electric trucks, the vehicle design is equipped with more batteries, but due to the low energy density of the battery, its driving range can not meet the needs of heavy semi-trailer medium and long distance transportation to a large extent.

5, the cost of buying a car is high.

As a newly launched model, although there are limitations in many aspects of electric trucks, their price is still much higher than that of ordinary fuel semi-trailers, which also makes many owners dispel the idea of buying.

Two, hybrid trucks

Hybrid truck refers to a vehicle driven by both electric power and fuel. trailer axle can be divided into three types: gas-electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid and extender-range electric.

1. Hybrid power

It is powered by a fuel engine and an electric motor. The general battery capacity is relatively small, does not provide a charging interface, and uses the energy recovery during the operation of the truck to charge.

The motor power of this model is not large, and the motor assists the engine to provide power in the starting and accelerating scenes, reducing fuel consumption and improving operation efficiency. The advantage is that there is no need to charge, and it is convenient to use; The disadvantage is that the dependence on fuel is large, and the pollutants emitted are still relatively high.

2. Plug-in hybrid.

Plug-in hybrid trucks are powered by both the engine and the electric motor, and can form a variety of combinations according to different modes of the two, such as pure electric, pure fuel, electric fuel and so on.

The advantage is that the charging port is designed and can be charged at any time. Pure electric mode can be used when the power is sufficient, and pure fuel mode can be used when the power is insufficient. It is suitable for running medium and long distance, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is better. The disadvantage is that the technology is more complex, and the contradiction between the battery weight and the battery life is not well coordinated.

3, extended range electric.

Extended range electric truck refers to the model that uses the engine to generate electricity and is driven by an electric motor. When the battery is sufficient, pure electric mode is used. When the battery is insufficient, the engine in the car starts to drive the generator to charge the power battery.

The advantage is that the driving range is long, the disadvantage is that when running at high speed, because it needs the engine to drive the generator, high fuel consumption, and can not get rid of the dependence on fuel.

From an objective point of view, intercity short-distance transport or fixed logistics buses are more suitable for electric trucks, and medium and long-distance transport is not suitable. Although the emergence of hybrid trucks has made up for some shortcomings of electric trucks to some extent, it still cannot get rid of the vehicle's dependence on fuel. trailer axle is not ideal in energy conservation and emission reduction, and its technology is relatively complex, so its price is naturally high. Whether it can meet the needs of car owners still needs to be tested by the market.